A woman applied for a credit card through a major bank's AI-powered system. She was denied. Her husband, who shared the same assets and had a lower credit score, was approved for twenty times her credit limit. When she asked why, customer service could not explain it. The AI had made the decision, and nobody understood exactly how. The story went viral, triggering a regulatory investigation. The bank's CEO admitted publicly that even their own engineers could not fully explain the system's decisions. This is the black box problem: as AI systems grow more powerful, they often grow less understandable. When these opaque systems decide who gets loans, medical treatment, parole, or jobs, the lack of explanation is not just frustrating. It is a fundamental issue of justice and accountability.